wwPDB 2020 News

12/31/2020

50 Years of the PDB

The PDB was announced on October 20, 1971 in Crystallography: Protein Data Bank Nature New Biology 233: 223 (1971) doi: 10.1038/newbio233223b0.

Fifty years later, the PDB archive contains >170,000 structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and complex assemblies that helps students and researchers understand all aspects of biomedicine and agriculture, from protein synthesis to health and disease. It is managed by the Worldwide PDB (wwPDB) organization that ensures that the PDB is freely and publicly available to the global community.

A new calendar available for download commemorates 50 years of the archive. Each month's image is available to be used as a virtual meeting background.

wwPDB will celebrate this golden anniversary with symposia and events throughout 2021.

Registration for the May 4-5 virtual symposium will be open later this month. This event will include presentations from speakers from around the world who have made tremendous advances in structural biology and bioinformatics. Students and postdoctoral fellows are especially encouraged to attend and will be eligible for poster awards.

During this fiftieth anniversary year, consider supporting the PDB's spirit of openness, cooperation and education with a donation to the wwPDB Foundation.

The wwPDB Foundation was established in 2010 to raise funds in support of the outreach activities of the wwPDB. The Foundation raised funds to help support PDB40, a symposium celebrating the 40th anniversary of the archive; workshops; and educational publications.

The Foundation is chartered as a 501(c)(3) entity exclusively for scientific, literary, charitable, and educational purposes.

12/09/2020

Carbohydrate Remediation

An archival-level carbohydrate remediation project that led to the re-release of over 14,000 PDB structures in July 2020. This update includes diverse oligosaccharides: glycosylation; metabolites such as maltose, sucrose, cellulose fragments; glycosaminoglycans, such as fragments of heparin and heparan sulfate; epitope patterns such as A/B blood group antigens and the H-type or Lewis-type stems; and many artificial carbohydrates mimicking or countering natural products (see documentation).

Starting in 2017, this PDB remediation aimed to standardize the biochemical nomenclature of the carbohydrate components following the IUPAC-IUBMB recommendations established by the carbohydrate community (PDF), and to provide uniform representation of oligosaccharides to improve the identification and searchability of oligosaccharides modeled in the PDB structures. During the remediation planning, wwPDB consulted community users and the PDBx/mmCIF Working Group and made data files available on GitHub in early 2020 for community feedback. wwPDB has collaborated with Robert Woods at University of Georgia in US, researchers at The Noguchi Institute and Soka University in Japan, and Thomas Lutteke in Germany to generate uniform linear descriptors for the oligosaccharide sequences.

To achieve these community goals, each oligosaccharide is represented as a branched entity with complete biochemical description and each glycosidic linkage specified. The full representation of carbohydrates is provided in the mmCIF format file, but this is not possible in legacy PDB format files (as the format has been frozen since 2012).

Proper indexing is necessary for branched entity representation and for generation of linear descriptors, hence the ordering (numbering) starts at the reducing end (#1), where the glycosylation occurs, to the non-reducing end in ascending order. Unique chain IDs are assigned to branched entities (oligosaccharides) to avoid residue numbering overlapped with protein residues and to enable consistent numbering for every oligosaccharide. For example, in PDB ID 6WPS, there are 5 oligosaccharides associated with the same protein chain A, the consistent ordering and numbering can only be retained with unique chain ID for each oligosaccharide in both PDBx/mmCIF and PDB format files

For archival consistency, a single-monosaccharide is defined as a non-polymer and treated consistently with other non-polymer ligands in the PDB. A single-monosaccharide occurring at a glycosylation site has a unique chain ID in the PDBx/mmCIF file (_atom_site.label_asym_id) but not in the PDB format file.

Using PDB ID 6WPS as an example, the PDBx/mmCIF data item _atom_site.label_asym_id corresponds to the column #7 in the atom_site coordinates section has an asym ID ‘Y’ for the 1st instance of single-monosaccharide, NAG bound to ASN 61 of protein chain ‘A’. The ‘Y’ value is unique for this monosaccharide. The additional chain ID (_atom_site.auth_asym_id) in the PDBx/mmCIF file that mapped to the PDB format file for this NAG is chain ‘A’, which is consistently represented as any other non-polymer ligands associated with the protein chain A.

#
loop_
_atom_site.group_PDB
_atom_site.id
_atom_site.type_symbol
_atom_site.label_atom_id
_atom_site.label_alt_id
_atom_site.label_comp_id
_atom_site.label_asym_id
_atom_site.label_entity_id
_atom_site.label_seq_id
_atom_site.pdbx_PDB_ins_code
_atom_site.Cartn_x
_atom_site.Cartn_y
_atom_site.Cartn_z
_atom_site.occupancy
_atom_site.B_iso_or_equiv
_atom_site.pdbx_formal_charge
_atom_site.auth_seq_id
_atom_site.auth_comp_id
_atom_site.auth_asym_id
_atom_site.auth_atom_id
_atom_site.pdbx_PDB_model_num
...
HETATM 27655 C C1 . NAG Y 6 . ? 191.103 162.375 206.665 1.00 47.28 ? 1301 NAG A C1 1
HETATM 27656 C C2 . NAG Y 6 . ? 191.067 161.665 208.065 1.00 47.22 ? 1301 NAG A C2 1
HETATM 27657 C C3 . NAG Y 6 . ? 190.138 160.434 207.960 1.00 47.42 ? 1301 NAG A C3 1
HETATM 27658 C C4 . NAG Y 6 . ? 188.730 160.906 207.541 1.00 48.73 ? 1301 NAG A C4 1
HETATM 27659 C C5 . NAG Y 6 . ? 188.838 161.622 206.176 1.00 48.66 ? 1301 NAG A C5 1
HETATM 27660 C C6 . NAG Y 6 . ? 187.494 162.153 205.709 1.00 48.17 ? 1301 NAG A C6 1
HETATM 27661 C C7 . NAG Y 6 . ? 193.233 161.885 209.217 1.00 47.40 ? 1301 NAG A C7 1
HETATM 27662 C C8 . NAG Y 6 . ? 194.594 161.311 209.471 1.00 47.45 ? 1301 NAG A C8 1
HETATM 27663 N N2 . NAG Y 6 . ? 192.418 161.218 208.414 1.00 47.36 ? 1301 NAG A N2 1
HETATM 27664 O O3 . NAG Y 6 . ? 190.069 159.774 209.231 1.00 47.22 ? 1301 NAG A O3 1
HETATM 27665 O O4 . NAG Y 6 . ? 187.867 159.778 207.435 1.00 48.89 ? 1301 NAG A O4 1
HETATM 27666 O O5 . NAG Y 6 . ? 189.760 162.757 206.285 1.00 47.83 ? 1301 NAG A O5 1
HETATM 27667 O O6 . NAG Y 6 . ? 186.953 163.102 206.622 1.00 49.06 ? 1301 NAG A O6 1
HETATM 27668 O O7 . NAG Y 6 . ? 192.879 162.950 209.739 1.00 47.58 ? 1301 NAG A O7 1
...

Author-provided chain ID and residue numbering for oligosaccharides are retained in the PDBx/mmCIF file (_pdbx_branch_scheme.auth_mon_id and _pdbx_branch_scheme.auth_seq_num, respectively). Users can map how carbohydrates are described in the corresponding primary citation to the PDBx/mmCIF files using _pdbx_branch_scheme mapping category. wwPDB strongly encourages depositors to use the wwPDB-assigned chain ID and residue numbers in any publication material.

For example, in PDB entry 6WPS

loop_
_pdbx_branch_scheme.asym_id
_pdbx_branch_scheme.entity_id
_pdbx_branch_scheme.mon_id
_pdbx_branch_scheme.num
_pdbx_branch_scheme.pdb_asym_id
_pdbx_branch_scheme.pdb_mon_id
_pdbx_branch_scheme.pdb_seq_num
_pdbx_branch_scheme.auth_asym_id
_pdbx_branch_scheme.auth_mon_id
_pdbx_branch_scheme.auth_seq_num
_pdbx_branch_scheme.hetero
J 4 NAG 1 I NAG 1 A NAG 1310 n
J 4 NAG 2 I NAG 2 A NAG 1311 n
K 4 NAG 1 J NAG 1 A NAG 1312 n
K 4 NAG 2 J NAG 2 A NAG 1313 n
L 4 NAG 1 K NAG 1 A NAG 1315 n
L 4 NAG 2 K NAG 2 A NAG 1316 n
M 4 NAG 1 M NAG 1 A NAG 1317 n
M 4 NAG 2 M NAG 2 A NAG 1318 n
N 5 NAG 1 N NAG 1 A NAG 1321 n
N 5 NAG 2 N NAG 2 A NAG 1322 n
N 5 BMA 3 N BMA 3 A BMA 1323 n
N 5 MAN 4 N MAN 4 A MAN 1325 n
N 5 MAN 5 N MAN 5 A MAN 1324 n
N 5 FUC 6 N FUC 6 A FUC 1320 n
O 4 NAG 1 O NAG 1 B NAG 1310 n
O 4 NAG 2 O NAG 2 B NAG 1311 n
P 4 NAG 1 P NAG 1 B NAG 1312 n
P 4 NAG 2 P NAG 2 B NAG 1313 n
Q 4 NAG 1 Q NAG 1 B NAG 1315 n
Q 4 NAG 2 Q NAG 2 B NAG 1316 n
R 4 NAG 1 R NAG 1 B NAG 1317 n
R 4 NAG 2 R NAG 2 B NAG 1318 n
S 5 NAG 1 S NAG 1 B NAG 1321 n
S 5 NAG 2 S NAG 2 B NAG 1322 n
S 5 BMA 3 S BMA 3 B BMA 1323 n
S 5 MAN 4 S MAN 4 B MAN 1325 n
S 5 MAN 5 S MAN 5 B MAN 1324 n
S 5 FUC 6 S FUC 6 B FUC 1320 n
...

As some users pointed out, single NAG could be just a part of the glycan that the author chose to build, as most natural N-glycans must have stem of a common core of 5 monosaccharides or its fucosylated version, such as those modeled in the PDB ID 6WPS. However, the PDB is a 3D-atomic coordinate archive in which the model coordinates are built based on supporting experimental data. Therefore, carbohydrates are described as-is in the modeled structures without reference to missing components of the presumed oligosaccharide sequence. If the author only builds a monosaccharide, then this monosaccharide is described as a non-polymer ligand.

Glycosylation annotation has been provided to facilitate searches of all glycosylation sites. A total of 45,000 glycosylation sites have been annotated in _struct_conn.pdbx_role in over 7500 PDB structures to identify all glycosylation sites and the monosaccharides bound at such sites. The annotation specifies the glycosylation sites, the monosaccharide identity and chain IDs in either PDB format or mmCIF format. In PDB ID 6WPS, a user can search N-Glycosylation in ‘_struct_conn.pdbx_role’ and find 16 glycosylation sites between ASN and NAG at chain A alone.

In addition, a total of 1040 carbohydrate ligands were reviewed and their nomenclature has been standardized in the PDB to follow the 1996 IUPAC recommendations. The updates of monosaccharides in the Chemical Component Dictionary include chemical names, synonyms, atom labels, modification vs common sugars tags, chemical types (e.g., isomers), structure feature types (e.g., anomers), and symbol identifiers (e.g., IUPAC condensed symbols). The chemical names provided in PDBx/mmCIF data item _chem_comp.name have been updated uniformly to include stereo- and ring- specific systematic names as described in the IUPAC recommendations. Trivial or common names are annotated in the new PDBx/mmCIF category, _pdbx_chem_comp_synonyms, with one name per row. Both the IUPAC extended-form symbol as described in the section 2-Carb-38.3 of the 1996 recommendation and the condensed-form symbol in 2-Carb-38.4 are provided in the identifier of an PDBx/mmCIF data item _pdbx_chem_comp_identifier.identifier. Carbohydrate features such as isomer, ring size, anomer, and aldose/ketose classification as described in the PDBx/mmCIF category _pdbx_chem_comp_feature.

The wwPDB encourages the community to use PDB/mmCIF format files rather than the frozen legacy PDB file format. The legacy format cannot support large structures. Currently, PDB format-files are not available for large structures that have either more than 62 chains or 99,999 atoms. In addition, the legacy format cannot support ligand ID codes beyond 3-characters, which will be needed in the coming years.

The wwPDB is committed to improving data representation in the PDB archive. Please do not hesitate to contact us at info@wwpdb.org.

12/06/2020

NMR Restraints Validation Now Available Through OneDep

wwPDB validation reports provided in OneDep now include restraints validation for NMR entries to help users identify potential discrepancies in their data.

Recommendations from the wwPDB NMR Validation Task Force (VTF) on how restraints data should be validated have been published (10.1016/j.str.2013.07.021). Since then, wwPDB has been working with the NMR community to develop the NMR Exchange Format (NEF) dictionary (10.1038/nsmb.3041) to enable validation of restraints data.

In March 2020, OneDep was configured to accept NMR experimental data (chemical shifts and restraints) as a single file, either in NMR-STAR or NEF format. Now, NMR restraints data validation has been incorporated into the wwPDB validation package. Validation Reports generated in OneDep have been extended to include NMR restraints analysis in when restraints are deposited in either NEF or NMR-STAR format.

The contents of restraints analysis in the wwPDB validation reports include conformationally restricting restraints, residual restraint violations, average number of distance and dihedral angle restraint violations per model, and distance and dihedral angle violation analysis for each model and ensemble with graphical and tabular statistics.

These features should help both depositors and users to identify potential errors in NMR data.

Additional information about validation reports for NMR entries is available.

If you have any questions or queries about wwPDB validation, then please contact us at validation@mail.wwpdb.org.

10/20/2020

PDB Turns 49

The PDB was announced on October 20, 1971 in Crystallography: Protein Data Bank Nature New Biology 233: 223 (1971) doi: 10.1038/newbio233223b0.

Today, the PDB archive contains ~170,000 structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and complex assemblies that helps students and researchers understand all aspects of biomedicine and agriculture, from protein synthesis to health and disease. It is managed by the Worldwide PDB (wwPDB) organization that ensures that the PDB is freely and publicly available to the global community.

wwPDB is celebrating by looking ahead to golden anniversary symposia and events planned for 2021. The website wwpdb.org/pdb50 will be updated regularly.

As the fiftieth anniversary approaches, consider supporting the PDB's spirit of openness, cooperation and education with a donation to the wwPDB Foundation.

The wwPDB Foundation was established in 2010 to raise funds in support of the outreach activities of the wwPDB. The Foundation raised funds to help support PDB40, a symposium celebrating the 40th anniversary of the archive; workshops; and educational publications.

The Foundation is chartered as a 501(c)(3) entity exclusively for scientific, literary, charitable, and educational purposes.

Individual donations ($100 or more suggested) are recognized with a special gift of a hemoglobin lapel pin.

09/22/2020

Updated Validation Reports for Released PDB Structures

Updated validation reports for all X-ray, NMR, and 3DEM structures released in the PDB archive are now available.

The updates include new percentile statistics reflecting the state of the PDB archive on December 31, 2019 and calculated map coefficients used for validation report generation.

The updated reports are accessible from the following FTP sites:

• ftp://ftp.wwpdb.org/pub/pdb/validation_reports/ (wwPDB)
• ftp://ftp.rcsb.org/pub/pdb/validation_reports/ (RCSB PDB)
• ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/pdb/validation_reports/ (PDBe)
• ftp://ftp.pdbj.org/pub/pdb/validation_reports/ (PDBj)

A snapshot of the previous version on June 10th is archived at RCSB PDB and PDBj.

These updated wwPDB validation reports provide an assessment of structure quality using widely accepted standards and criteria, recommended by community experts serving in Validation Task Forces.

In addition to recently introduced carbohydrate section and 2D Symbol Nomenclature For Glycan (SNFG) images for oligosaccharides from the carbohydrate remediation project, these reports now incorporate visualization of ligand validation and model fit to electron density maps for X-ray ligands. These include 2-dimensional diagrams of ligands, highlighting geometric validation criteria and, for structures determined by crystallography, 3-dimensional views of electron density.

In addition, EM map analysis, and the fit of EM model to its map volume. FSC curves are also included to compare reported and estimated resolution, where either half maps or FSC data was uploaded.

Validation reports are provided to depositors through OneDep - the wwPDB portal for validation, deposition and biocuration of structure data. The wwPDB partners encourage the use of the stand-alone validation server and the web service API at any time prior to data deposition. Depositors are required to review and accept the reports as part of the data submission process. Validation reports will continue to be developed and improved as we receive recommendations from the expert Validation Task Forces (VTF) for X-ray, NMR, EM, and as we collect feedback from depositors and users.

The wwPDB partners strongly encourage journal editors and referees to request reports from authors as part of the manuscript submission and review process, as already required by Nature, eLife, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, the International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) journals, FEBS journals, Journal of Immunology and Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. Reports are date-stamped, display the wwPDB logo, and represent standardized wwPDB validation.

Further information and sample validation reports are available at wwpdb.org.

Your feedback, comments, and questions are welcome at validation@mail.wwpdb.org.

07/28/2020

Access Improved Carbohydrate Data at the PDB

A new data representation for carbohydrates in PDB entries and reference data improves the Findability and Interoperability of these molecules in macromolecular structures. The PDB archive now reflects:

• Standardized Chemical Component Dictionary nomenclature following IUPAC-IUBMB recommendations
• Uniform representation for oligosaccharides
• Adoption of glycoscience-community commonly used linear descriptors using community tools
• Annotated glycosylation sites in PDB structures

Detailed information about this project, including a list of remediated PDB entries, is available at the wwPDB website. Developers of software packages that produce, access, or visualize PDB data are encouraged to review this information and adapt their software as soon as possible, as originally highlighted in the February 2020 announcement.

Lists of PDB entries, CCDs, PRDs, and non-PDB compatible entries were created for this remediation.

The wwPDB has created a new ‘branched’ entity representation for polysaccharides, describing all the individual monosaccharide components of these in the PDB entry. As part of this process, we have standardized atom nomenclature of >1,000 monosaccharides in the Chemical Component Dictionary (CCD) and applied a branched entity representation to oligosaccharides (>8,000 PDB entries). To guarantee unambiguous chemical description of oligosaccharides in the affected PDB entries, an explicit description of covalent linkage information between their monosaccharide units is included. In addition, wwPDB validation reports provide consistent representation for these oligosaccharides and include 2D representations based on the Symbol Nomenclature for Glycans (SNFG).

To support the remediation of carbohydrate representation, software tools providing linear descriptors were developed in collaboration with the glycoscience community to enable easy translation of PDB data to other representations commonly used by glycobiologists. These include Condense IUPAC from GMML at University of Georgia, WURCS from PDB2Glycan at The Noguchi Institute, Japan, and LINUCS from pdb-care at Germany.

wwPDB has also used this opportunity to improve the organization of chemical synonyms in the CCD by introducing a new _pdbx_chem_comp_synonyms data category. This will enable more comprehensive capture of alternative names for small molecules in the PDB. To minimize disruption to users, the legacy data item, _chem_comp.pdbx_synonyms, will be retained for a transition period through 2021.

The carbohydrate remediation project is a wwPDB collaborative project that is carried out principally by RCSB PDB at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey and is funded by NIH Common Fund Glycoscience Program through the National Cancer Institute cooperative agreement U01 CA221216 to Dr. Robert Woods at the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center at the University of Georgia in collaboration with Dr. Jasmine Young as sub-awardee at RCSB PDB at Rutgers.

If you have any comments or queries regarding these changes, please visit the wwPDB carbohydrate remediation website or contact us at deposit-help@mail.wwpdb.org.

07/07/2020

Coming July 29: Improved Carbohydrate Data at the PDB

PDB data will incorporate a new data representation for carbohydrates in PDB entries and reference data that improves the Findability and Interoperability of these molecules in macromolecular structures. In order to remediate and improve the representation of carbohydrates across the archive, the wwPDB has:

• standardized Chemical Component Dictionary nomenclature following IUPAC-IUBMB recommendations
• provided uniform representation for oligosaccharides
• adopted Glycoscience-community commonly used linear descriptors using community tools
• annotated glycosylation sites in PDB structures

Starting July 29, 2020, users will be able to access the improved data via FTP or wwPDB partner websites. Developers of software packages that produce, access, or visualize PDB data are encouraged to review this information and adapt their software as soon as possible, as originally highlighted in the February 2020 announcement. Detailed information about this project is available at the wwPDB website; lists of impacted entries and chemical components will be published on this page after data release.

The wwPDB has created a new ‘branched’ entity representation for polysaccharides, describing all the individual monosaccharide components of these in the PDB entry. As part of this process, we have standardized atom nomenclature of >1,000 monosaccharides in the Chemical Component Dictionary (CCD) and applied a branched entity representation to oligosaccharides for >8000 PDB entries. To guarantee unambiguous chemical description of oligosaccharides in the affected PDB entries, an explicit description of covalent linkage information between their monosaccharide units is included. In addition, wwPDB validation reports provide consistent representation for these oligosaccharides and include 2D representations based on the Symbol Nomenclature for Glycans (SNFG).

To support the remediation of carbohydrate representation, software tools providing linear descriptors were developed in collaboration with the glycoscience community to enable easy translation of PDB data to other representations commonly used by glycobiologists. These include Condense IUPAC from GMML at University of Georgia, WURCS from PDB2Glycan at The Noguchi Institute, Japan, and LINUCS from pdb-care at Germany.

Furthermore, to ensure continued Findability of 118 common oligosaccharides (e.g., sucrose, Lewis Y antigen), we have expanded the Biologically Interesting molecule Reference Dictionary (BIRD) that contains the covalent linkage information and common synonyms for such molecules.

wwPDB has also used this opportunity to improve the organization of chemical synonyms in the CCD by introducing a new _pdbx_chem_comp_synonyms data category. This will enable more comprehensive capture of alternative names for small molecules in the PDB. To minimize disruption to users, the legacy data item, _chem_comp.pdbx_synonyms, will be retained for a transition period through 2021.

The carbohydrate remediation project is a wwPDB collaborative project that is carried out principally by RCSB PDB at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey and is funded by NIGMS grant U01 CA221216 in collaboration with Complex Carbohydrate Research Center at the University of Georgia.

If you have any comments or queries regarding these changes, please visit the wwPDB carbohydrate remediation website or contact us at deposit-help@mail.wwpdb.org.

04/09/2020

An updated PDB-Dev website

A new and improved PDB-Dev website is now available. PDB-Dev is a prototype system which helps wwPDB partners to understand the requirements in archiving integrative structures. It has been built based on recommendations from the wwPDB Integrative/Hybrid Methods (I/HM) Task Force. PDB-Dev currently consists of 37 integrative structures of macromolecular complexes.

The updated PDB-Dev web interface provides dynamic and responsive web pages and includes two new features:

• A new search service that facilitates the retrieval of structures archived in PDB-Dev. The current implementation supports search by macromolecular names, entry identifiers, experimental data types, author names, citations, software and several other keywords. Complex queries with Boolean operators and wildcards are supported. Search results can be downloaded as csv or Excel files.
• Individual entry pages for released entries, highlighting key details and download links for each structure.

The PDB-Dev team welcomes feedback from users. Please send comments and suggestions to pdb-dev@mail.wwpdb.org.

04/07/2020

Streamlining of EMDB’s Map Entry Release Process

Beginning April 15th 2020, the Electron Microscopy Data Bank (EMDB) will end its practice of releasing map entry metadata (so-called XML header files) prior to release of the primary map and associated files.

For new EMDB map depositions, this metadata will not be available publicly in the EMDB FTP public archive until the map is released. For on-hold entries that already have metadata released there will be no change to the available data until the map is released. EMDB strongly encourages depositors to release their map entries as soon as possible.

Abolishing the pre-release of EMDB header files is part of the process to harmonize the policies and procedures of EMDB and wwPDB. For more information about EMDB policies please refer to https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/emdb/policies.html.

02/25/2020

Improving carbohydrates in the PDB for 2020

In July 2020, the wwPDB will roll out updated PDB structures and reference data files with standardized representation of carbohydrate molecules, improving the Findability and Interoperability of PDB data. Detailed information about this work is available from the wwPDB website, including PDBx/mmCIF dictionary extensions and over 500 example files. We encourage developers of software packages that produce, access, or visualize PDB data to review this information and adapt their software.

Through collaboration with the glycoscience community, software tools were developed to standardize atom nomenclature of nearly 800 monosaccharides in the Chemical Component Dictionary (CCD) and applied branched polymeric representation to oligo- and polysaccharides within the PDB archive, enabling easy translation to other representations commonly used by glycobiologists. To guarantee unambiguous chemical description of oligo-/polysaccharides in each of the nearly 12,000 affected PDB entries, we have included an explicit description of covalent linkage information between their monomeric units. To ensure continued Findability of common oligosaccharides (e.g., sucrose, Lewis X factor), we have expanded the Biologically Interesting molecule Reference Dictionary (BIRD) which will contain the covalent linkage information and common synonyms for such molecules.

wwPDB is also taking this opportunity to improve the organization of chemical synonyms in the CCD by introducing a new _pdbx_chem_comp_synonyms data category. This will enable more comprehensive capture of alternative names for small molecules in the PDB. To minimize disruption to users, there will be an initial transition period, where the legacy data item, _chem_comp.pdbx_synonyms, will be retained.

PDB structure shown: 1b5f

02/18/2020

Improve Your Previously-Released Coordinates AND Keep Your Original PDB ID: Phase II

We are pleased to announce that from February 18, 2020 authors (PIs) of released PDB structures can update the model coordinates while retaining the same PDB accession code, thereby preserving the link with the original publication. In this second and final phase of the project we have extended the versioning functionality to structures deposited prior to the roll out of OneDep--the common wwPDB system for deposition, validation, and biocuration.

For entries deposited via OneDep, depositors should log into the corresponding session at deposit.wwpdb.org and submit the request via the OneDep communication panel. For entries deposited via legacy systems, requests should be initiated by sending an email to deposit-help@mail.wwpdb.org and including the PDB code in the subject and body of the email. Once submitted, the revised model will be processed by wwPDB biocurators and the updated version released immediately upon depositor’s approval. Versioning of PDB entries will be limited to changes in the coordinate files, with no changes permitted to the deposited experimental data. To limit the impact on the wwPDB biocuration resources, PDB versioning is currently restricted to one replacement per PDB entry per year, and three entries per Principal Investigator per year. We will review this restriction in 2021.

The most recent version of the entry will be made available in the PDB archive FTP (ftp.wwpdb.org). All major versions of a PDB structure will be retained in the versioned FTP archive (ftp-versioned.wwpdb.org)--more information can be found on the wwPDB website. The structure of the versioned FTP archive has been built allowing for future extension of the PDB code format. PDB entry 1abc would therefore be found in the folder pdb_00001abc.

Changes made to entries during versioning are considered to be either major or minor. Updates to atomic coordinates, polymer sequence, or chemical description trigger a major version increment, while changes to any other categories are classified as minor. Changes introduced are recorded in the PDBx/mmCIF audit categories.

If you have any further queries regarding the process of PDB versioning, please contact the wwPDB at deposit-help@mail.wwpdb.org.

02/04/2020

New Coronavirus Protease Structure Available

PDB data provide a starting point for structure-guided drug discovery

A high-resolution crystal structure of COVID-19 (2019-nCoV) coronavirus 3CL hydrolase (Mpro) has been determined by Zihe Rao and Haitao Yang's research team at ShanghaiTech University. Rapid public release of this structure of the main protease of the virus (PDB 6lu7) will enable research on this newly-recognized human pathogen.

Recent emergence of the COVID-19 coronavirus has resulted in a WHO-declared public health emergency of international concern. Research efforts around the world are working towards establishing a greater understanding of this particular virus and developing treatments and vaccines to prevent further spread.

https://doi.org/10.2210/pdb6lu7/pdb

While PDB entry 6lu7 is currently the only public-domain 3D structure from this specific coronavirus, the PDB contains structures of the corresponding enzyme from other coronaviruses. The 2003 outbreak of the closely-related Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS) led to the first 3D structures, and today there are more than 200 PDB structures of SARS proteins. Structural information from these related proteins could be vital in furthering our understanding of coronaviruses and in discovery and development of new treatments and vaccines to contain the current outbreak.

The coronavirus 3CL hydrolase (Mpro) enzyme, also known as the main protease, is essential for proteolytic maturation of the virus. It is thought to be a promising target for discovery of small-molecule drugs that would inhibit cleavage of the viral polyprotein and prevent spread of the infection.

Comparison of the protein sequence of the COVID-19 coronavirus 3CL hydrolase (Mpro) against the PDB archive identified 95 PDB proteins with at least 90% sequence identity. Furthermore, these related protein structures contain approximately 30 distinct small molecule inhibitors, which could guide discovery of new drugs. Of particular significance for drug discovery is the very high amino acid sequence identity (96%) between the COVID-19 coronavirus 3CL hydrolase (Mpro) and the SARS virus main protease (PDB 1q2w). Summary data about these closely-related PDB structures are available (CSV) to help researchers more easily find this information. In addition, the PDB houses 3D structure data for more than 20 unique SARS proteins represented in more than 200 PDB structures, including a second viral protease, the RNA polymerase, the viral spike protein, a viral RNA, and other proteins (CSV).

Public release of the COVID-19 coronavirus 3CL hydrolase (Mpro), at a time when this information can prove most vital and valuable, highlights the importance of open and timely availability of scientific data. The wwPDB strives to ensure that 3D biological structure data remain freely accessible for all, while maintaining as comprehensive and accurate an archive as possible. We hope that this new structure, and those from related viruses, will help researchers and clinicians address the COVID-19 coronavirus global public health emergency.

01/14/2020

Distribution of NMR data in a unified format at the PDB archive

The wwPDB partners are pleased to announce that as of March 2020 the OneDep system will begin accepting upload of NMR experimental data as a single file, either in NMR-STAR or NEF format. This will start the transition from the current practice where distinct types of NMR data such as assigned chemical shifts, restraints, and peak lists are uploaded separately.

NMR-STAR is the official wwPDB format for storing NMR data, supported by an extensive dictionary [GitHub; Ulrich, E. L. et al. (2019) NMR-STAR: comprehensive ontology for representing, archiving and exchanging data from nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic experiments Journal of Biomolecular NMR, 73: 5–9. doi: 10.1007/s10858-018-0220-3], while NEF (NMR exchange format; Gutmanas et al. (2015) NMR Exchange Format: a unified and open standard for representation of NMR restraint data Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 22: 433–434 doi: 10.1038/nsmb.3041) is a light-weight format and dictionary, supported by the leading software in NMR structure determination. The use of these two interconvertible standard formats as single data files will simplify the process of deposition, as well as the storage and distribution of this data.

For newly deposited entries accompanied by such a unified data file, the NMR data will be distributed in the PDB FTP area as single files in the NMR-STAR format. A best effort conversion to the NEF format will also be provided. These unified NMR data files will be added to a new FTP directory, “nmr_data” in parallel to the existing directories, nmr_restraints and nmr_chemical shifts. In addition, to support existing users these unified files that contain both restraints and chemical shift data will be copied to the existing directories “nmr_restraints” and “nmr_chemical_shifts”.

A standardized naming convention for NMR unified data will also be developed to simplify access of the relevant NMR data. File naming will start with PDB accession code, followed by nmr_data with format type extension, for example ‘2lcb_nmr_data.nef’ or ‘2lcb_nmr_data.str’.

We plan to begin accepting and distributing NMR data as unified files from March 2020.

01/10/2020

EMDB policy and procedures document now available

A comprehensive policy and procedures document for the EMDB archive has been drawn up by the EMDB team in order to ensure consistent and coherent rules for its data. The document is now available to view on the EMDB website.

Since its foundation in 2002, the Electron Microscopy Data Bank (EMDB; https://emdb-empiar.org/) archives publicly available three-dimensional (3D) electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) maps and tomograms of biomacromolecules, their complexes and cellular structures. Following the release of the first eight EMDB entries in 2002, the EMDB archive grew steadily and currently stands at almost 10000 released maps. From 2016, EMDB entries are deposited and processed through the wwPDB OneDep system while the biocuration workload is shared geographically by the EMDB, PDBe, RCSB PDB and PDBj teams.

The policy outlines the requirements for data deposition, accepted formats, entry modifications and release. For example, the policy recommends for single-particle depositions to include a primary map (as shown in the accompanying publication), a raw map (unmasked, unfiltered, unsharpened) and unmasked half-maps, as well as any auxiliary files such as Fourier Shell Correlation (FSC) data. In the document EMDB also advises that the official wwPDB validation report generated after biocuration, which now includes EM map/tomogram validation and, if applicable, map-model validation, is provided to journal editors and referees as part of the manuscript submission and review process.

In response to the cryo-EM community’s increasing demand to make all data publicly available, EMDB strongly encourages the deposition of all atomic models to the Protein Data Bank (PDB), all 3D EM reconstructions to EMDB and all raw data (including tilt series for tomograms) to the Electron Microscopy Public Image Archive (EMPIAR ). Related entries in these archives reference one another, making the deposited data easily discoverable and accessible to the community.

The EMDB team and its umbrella organisation wwPDB, welcome feedback from EMDB users and depositors on the policies and procedures through emdbhelp@ebi.ac.uk.

01/08/2020

Time-stamped Copies of PDB and EMDB Archives

A snapshot of the PDB Core archive (ftp://ftp.wwpdb.org) as of January 1, 2020 has been added to ftp://snapshots.wwpdb.org and ftp://snapshots.pdbj.org. Snapshots have been archived annually since 2005 to provide readily identifiable data sets for research on the PDB archive.

The directory 20200101 includes the 159,140 experimentally-determined structure and experimental data available at that time. Atomic coordinate and related metadata are available in PDBx/mmCIF, PDB, and XML file formats. The date and time stamp of each file indicates the last time the file was modified. The snapshot of PDB Core archive is 575 GB.

A snapshot of the EMDB Core archive (ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/emdb/) as of January 1, 2020 can be found in ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/emdb_vault/20200101/ and ftp://snapshots.pdbj.org/20200101/. The snapshot of EMDB Core archive contains map files and their metadata within XML files for both released and obsoleted entries (10370 and 130, respectively) and is 1.7 TB in size.